MTBF & MTTF

  Penerangan cara perhitungan MTBF (mean time between failures) & MTTF (mean time to repair).Misalkan kita memiliki data historis sebuah mesin sebagai berikut:

a.. Hari ke 0 s.d ke 100: up-time

b.. Hari ke 100 s.d ke 107: down-time

c.. Hari ke 107 s.d 197: up-time

d.. Hari ke 197 s.d 200: down-time

e.. Hari ke 200 s.d 290: up-time

f.. Har ke 290 s.d 291: down-time

g.. Hari ke 291 s.d 390: up-time

Dari data di atas diperoleh jumlah kejadian up-time adalah 4. Lama up-time total = 100 + 90 + 90 + 99 = 379 hari. Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) = (lama uptime total)/(jumlah kegagalan) = 379/4 = 94.75 hari.

Formula untuk menghitung Mean Time to Fail (MTTF) sama dengan MTBF. Bedanya terletak pada penggunaannya. MTBF untuk item yang bisa di-repair, sedangkan MTTF untuk item yang tidak di-repair seperti bearing dan transistor.

Formula MTBF tersebut di atas hanya untuk estimasi saja. Formula tersebut hanya berlaku bila diasumsikan laju kegagalannya konstan. Bila diinginkan perhitungan yang lebih tepat dapat menggunakan grafik Weibull.

Kita lanjutkan ke perhitungan Mean Down Time (MDT) dan Mean Time to Repair (MTTR). Dari data di atas, dapat dihitung jumlah kejadian down-time adalah 3. Lama down-time total = 7 + 3 + 1 = 11 hari. MDT = (lama down-time total)/(jumlah down-time) = 11/3 = 3.67 hari.

Beberapa literatur membedakan antara MDT dan MTTR, karena down-time tidak sama dengan repair-time. MTTR = (lama repair-time total)/(jumlah repair).

Understanding Mikrotik

 Development of information technology can not be separated from the development of computer technology and network infrastructure. Information technology is growing more rapidly thanks to the support of an adequate computer network. The most easy example is the proliferation of social media can not be denied to a large extent the rapid spread of information sent from the information center to the recipient information. We can easily get information, even through mobile media though, this is because mobile phones are getting sophisticated facility supports various types of data access network, and the network infrastructure is now the better it is also available in almost all regions.

Ampere is different from KVA (English Version)

Ampere is a unit of electrical current, while the KVA, which stands for Kilo Volt Ampere, a unit of power (or trivial KVA is multiplication of Voltage with Amper), which is sometimes called the "watt". So it is a kilo watts KVA.

For example, the maximum current carrying home PLN 2 Ampere. If the home is usually an electric voltage of 220 volts, the amount of maximum power is 2 times 220 volt ampere is equal to 440 watts or 0.44 KVA.

Repair an Ethernet Controller

Used to process network activity between multiple computers or devices, most modern computers have Ethernet controllers installed directly onto the computer motherboard. These onboard devices run on the system bus and use your processor to decode and transmit the network streams. The software drivers for Ethernet controllers are usually part of a driver bundle for your motherboard that can usually be obtained individually from Windows Update. If you are having a problem with network or Internet connectivity and you suspect a problem with your Ethernet controller, you should uninstall and then reinstall the software and driver.

• Insert the motherboard driver CD into your CD drive. If you do not have a driver CD, you may need to download the drivers on another computer and put them on a disk. Windows does have a limited number of popular Ethernet controller drivers available. Additionally, Windows also keeps a record of previous drivers you have used. If you do not have the CD, you can attempt to use the Windows driver archive first.

• Press the "Windows" and "R" keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
• Type "Devmgmt.msc" and press the "Enter" key. This loads the hardware device manager.
• Double-click "Network adapters." This expands a list of the installed network devices on your computer.
• Right-click the Ethernet controller and select "Uninstall." Press "OK" on the "Confirm Device Uninstall" dialog.
• Click "Action," and then "Scan for hardware changes." The device will reinstall. Continue to the next step if the device is still not working or if you are prompted for a driver.
• Right-click the Ethernet controller and select "Properties." Click the "Driver" tab and select "Update Driver."

Add a Second SATA HDD

Adding a second SATA hard drive to your computer gives you more storage space, which you can use to keep copies your favorite movies, videos and songs. Before you add a second SATA hard drive, you must adjust its jumper settings so that it will not conflict with the first SATA hard drive. Other than that, the process of adding the hard drive is quite similar to what it took you to add the first SATA hard drive. • Change the jumper settings on the SATA hard drive you are about to add to "Slave." You can find a printed chart detailing how to set the jumper settings on the top of the hard drive's metal casing.

• Remove all power cables leading to the casing of your computer.

• Open the cover of the computer case using a Philips head screwdriver.

• Insert the SATA hard disk into a hard drive bay. You can locate a hard drive bay at the lower front-end of the computer casing. Avoid using a hard drive bay that is too close to the first SATA hard drive.

• Secure the second SATA hard drive to the computer casing using screws and a Philips screwdriver.

• Attach one end of a SATA interface cable to the SATA input/output slot on the SATA hard drive and attach the other end to a SATA port on the motherboard. SATA ports are shaped like red/orange squares and you can find around six SATA ports on your motherboard. Each SATA port is labeled with numbers. If the first SATA hard disk is connected to the "SATA0" port, connect the second SATA hard drive to the "SATA1" port.

• Connect a 12-volt SATA power cable leading from the computer casing's power supply to the power slot on the newly attached SATA hard drive.

• Close the cover of the computer casing and secure it using the Philips head screwdriver.

• Connect all power cables leading to the computer casing. Your computer will automatically detect the second SATA hard drive once you boot it.

Fix Inkjet Cartridges

Anyone who has ever purchased a set of replacement ink cartridges for a desktop printer knows just how expensive those cartridges can be, so it makes sense to salvage your old cartridges and get as much life out of them as you can. Often, seemingly dead ink cartridges can be brought back to life in by following the steps below.

• Remove the ink cartridges from the printer and place them in tightly sealed plastic bags. The plastic bags will protect your work surface from leaks.

• Place the bags containing the ink cartridges in a warm and sunny location in your home or office. Do not place the bags in direct sunlight, as this could cause them to leak. The goal is to warm up the congealed ink and get it flowing again. Leave the ink cartridges in the bags for at least two hours.

• Remove the cartridges from the bags and shake them lightly. You should be able to hear the ink moving inside the cartridge. If not, place them back in the bags and allow them to warm up some more.

• Take the first cartridge out of the bag and turn it so that the metal connector is facing you. Dip a cotton swab in warm water and carefully clean the bottom of the cartridge to remove the ink residue and paper dust. Continue swabbing the cartridge until no more residue comes off.

• If the cartridge is heavily soiled, plain water may not be sufficient to take off all the ink residue. In this case, swab the bottom of the ink cartridge with isopropyl alcohol. Continue cleaning all of the cartridges, then put them back in the printer and print a test page.

Overclock the Pentium D 820

The Intel Pentium D820 is a 2.8 Ghz dual-core processor produced by Intel. Processors can be overclocked, which means the clock frequency or clock cycles per second can be raised above stock value to make the system run more efficiently. The D820 usually can be overclocked to 3.2 to 3.5 Ghz. However, you need to install a good-quality third-party cooler or fan to reduce the risk of overheating.

BIOS

• Reboot or start the computer. Press "F2" or "ESC" or "DEL" to enter the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS).
• Go to the FSB Frequency section. The default is 200 Mhz.
• Change the FSB Frequency value to 220 Mhz, click "Save" and exit the BIOS.
 
Test
• Open a browser in Windows and download a burn-in program.

• Double-click on the file you downloaded to install the burn-in program.
• Launch the burn-in software, and select "8-8kb" as FFT size.
• Let the program run for two hours minimum. If the program or operating system crashes, go back to Section 1 to lower the FSB Frequency to 215 Mhz. Run the test again. If the system did not crash, raise the FSB Frequency to 225 Mhz.
• Use trial and error to determine the best speed for your particular processor.

Memory Upgrades and Errors

If your computer is experiencing memory errors, you will need to replace the RAM. RAM stands for Random Access Memory and aids your processor in multitasking. Your RAM stores data from different programs and waits to be accessed by your processor. Replacing RAM in you desktop computer will require the use of a screw driver.  

• Turn off your computer and remove the power cable.

• Remove the side of your computer by removing the two screws that secure it.

• Press down on the tabs at the end of your RAM sticks. The tabs will release the locking mechanism that holds your old RAM in place.

• Remove your old RAM from your computer.
• Insert your new Ram into the RAM slots.

• Pull the levers back into their original position to secure your RAM to your motherboard.

Replace Ram on an Eee PC

The Asus Eee PC is a netbook with a smaller frame than a standard laptop. The device comes standard with 1 GB of Random Access Memory (RAM) installed. If the netbook becomes unresponsive or sluggish, you can add another 1 GB of RAM. The netbook can handle 2 GB DDR2 SODIMM modules.  

• Turn off the laptop. Remove all of the cords and cables, including the power source.

• Turn the netbook over so the bottom is facing up and lay it on a flat surface. Touch a unpainted piece of metal to remove the static electricity from your body and clothes.

• Unfasten the screws holding the memory compartment cover on the netbook. Remove the cover.

• Spread the clips on either side of the current module. This will release the module from the slot. Slide the module out of the device.

• Take the new module out of package. Match up the notch on the module with the knob in the slot. Slide the new module at a 45-degree angle and press down so it lies flat.
• Put the cover back on the netbook and fasten the screws.

• Connect the necessary cords and cables, including the power source. Turn the netbook over and turn on the device.

Replace the Fan

The fan on your Toshiba Tecra A8 cools your processor and is an essential component of your laptop. If your CPU fan is malfunctioning, you will need to replace it as soon as possible. Failing to replace a broken CPU fan can permanently damage your Toshiba Tecra A8. Replacing the fan in your Toshiba Tecra A8 will require a screwdriver and a new fan assembly.  

• Turn off your Toshiba Tecra A8 and remove the power cord and battery.
• Remove the hinge cover located directly above your keyboard.

• Remove the two screws that secure your Toshiba Tecra A8's keyboard.

• Remove the keyboard's data cable then lift the keyboard from your laptop.

• Remove the four screws securing your outer shell. You will now be able to see your Toshiba Tecra A8's internal components.

• Remove the two screws securing your fan assembly, then disconnect the power cable. Remove your old fan.

• Place your new fan in your computer then replace the screws to secure it. Connect the power cable.

• Replace your outer shell, keyboard and hinge cover.

Disassemble Hard Drive

Seagate manufactures a line of popular external hard drives. These drives make it easy to store important information from your computer, and the small size of the drives means they are portable. However, the most important components of the hard drive are located inside of its case. With a little time and some concentration it is possible to open this case and access the components.

• Unplug your Seagate from the computer and place it on a sturdy surface.
• Turn the drive on its side and insert the tip of your knife or screwdriver in the seam where the side panel meets the body of the drive.
• Work your way around the sides of the panel until all of the internal securing clips are released.

• Repeat Step 3 on the opposite side of the drive and gently pry up the top panel of the drive until it separates, revealing the metal hard disk assembly inside.

• Lift the assembly out of the drive and remove the screws from each corner of the metal frame around the actual hard disk. Remove the frame from the hard disk.

Mengembalikan Folder

Terserang virus yang berekstensikan .scr.
Cara kerja virus ini sangat sederhana yaitu merubah setiap folder yang ada di komputer atau flashdisk menjadi file applikasi dengan kapasitas yang digandakan menjadi 32 Kb (tertulis disaat kita membuka).
dan ketika coba di bersihkan menggunakan antivirus dari salah satu vendor, virus tersebut bisa di hilangkan tetapi effect yang ditimbulkan dari scanning tadi adalah folder-folder yang terserang virus ini menjadi hilang.

Sebenarnya folder tersebut tidak hilang namun disembunyikan saja. Dan folder yang hilang tersebut dapat kita kembalikan dengan menggukan perintah attrib pada command prompt. Cara sangat sederhana sekali namun sebelum mengupas bagaimana mengembalikan Folder yang hilang tersebut akan kita kupas sedikit tentang attribute ini.

Untuk melihat Properties attribute dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu :

1. Melalui Windows Prompt

2. Melalui Command Prompt

Command attribute bekerja pada DOS command prompt, memiliki beberapa fungsi salah

satunya adalah untuk menset attribute dari suatu file apakah file tersebut akan diberi attribute :

- read-only file attribute

- Archive file attribute

- System File Attibut

- Hidden File Attribut

Untuk mengembalikan Folder yang hilang tersebut menggunakan cara yang kedua yaitu melalui command prompt.

Adapun tahapannya adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Klik start

2. Kemudian pilih run

3. Kemudian ketikan kata cmd

4. Selanjutnya akan muncul command prompt

5. Nah inilah bagian yang terpenting dari pembahasan kita kali ini, pada command

prompt ini kita ketikkan attrib /? Untuk mengetahui beberapa perintah pada properties attribute melalui command prompt.

6. selanjutnya pada pompt tersebut akan muncul sederatan kalimat yang menjelaskan tentang attribute seperti :

- tanda (+) untuk sets an attribute

- tanda (– ) untuk Clears an attribute

- huruf R untuk read-only file attributes

- huruf A untuk Archive file attribute

- huruf S untuk System file attribute

- huruf H untuk Hidden file attribute

- /S untuk proses penyamaan file di dalam folder sebelumnya dan semua subfolder

yang ada di komputer

- /D untuk proses yang akan dilakukan terhadap folder itu sendiri

7. Kembali kepada Folder yang hilang tersebut maka perintah yang kita ketikkan pada

command prompt ini adalah : (ketikkan perintah ini pada Drive C:\> atau D:\> atau

dimana ada Folder yang hilang).

attrib –s –h *.* /S /D

8. Selanjutnya refresh komputer atau semua drive yang ada di komputer kita, hasilnya

adalah BAM !!!, folder yang hilang tersebut muncul kembali.

Jadi sekarang kita tidak perlu khawatir lagi dengan folder yang hilang karena terserang

virus .scr.

Bahkan kita bisa membuka folder orang lain yang di hidden .. (hehe.. tapi saya tidak

merekomendasikannya lho …) selamat mencoba.

Resize the Primary Partition

The primary partition is the main segment of the hard drive where your operating system is installed. Most people only have one partition configured on the hard drive, so when it runs out of storage space, they purchase a new hard drive. If you have extra storage space in your computer, you can add that extra space to the primary partition. This gives you more room to install applications and save files.


1. Click the Windows "Start" button and right-click the "Computer" menu item. From the pop-up menu, click "Manage" to open the "Computer Management" window.

2. Click "Disk Management" on the left side of the window. Windows checks your current hard drive settings and displays them in the center pane.

3. Right-click the partition you want to change and select "Extend Volume." Enter the amount of total space you want to use for the extended partition. This number is displayed as megabytes. Therefore, if you want to add a gigabyte of storage space, enter "1000" into the text box.

4. Click "Next" and review the settings. Click "Finish" to extend your volume and save the changes.

Kerusakan Harddisk (Continue)

Kerusakan pada harddisk bisa disebabkan karena beberapa hal antara lain penyebab yg belum sempat disebutkan ada 4 :

1. Tegangan listrik

2. Umur Harddisk dan perangkat elektronik lain pada umumnya memiliki umur pakai. khusus untuk hdd biasanya produsen mencantumkan nilai MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) artinya menurut produsen setelah angka MTBF tercapai maka besar kemungkinan HDD mulai rusak. rata-rata MTBF untuk HDD adalah 1 juta jam, jd kalo 1 hari dipake 10 jam hitung aja sendiri berapa lama masa pakai HDD anda.

3. Suhu pemakaian yg tidak sesuai. berbeda dgn kebanyakan pendapat pemakai komputer laen yg menyatakan semakin dingin HDD semakin bagus. info yg saya dapat nyatakan bahwa kalau terlalu panas memang beresiko mempercepat kerusakan HDD TAPI kalo terlalu dingin jg tidak baik. suhu optimal untuk HDD saat beroperasi adalah antara 40 - 45 derajat celcius. kurang dari itu jg tidak baik, kelebihan sama saja.

4. Tidak ada ground pada jaringan listrik anda. walau kecil pengaruhnya tetapi dapat memperpendek umur perangkat elektronik pd umumnya terutama pada HDD dan Monitor LCD. kenapa? saya jg tidak terlalu paham, sebaiknya tanyakan kepada teknisi listrik. katanya sih karena induksi listrik yg terbentuk di perangkat karena ketiadaan ground makanya kalo dipegang jd nyetrum.
untuk menyelamatkan data selama kerusakan belum terlalu berat (artinya belum menyebabkan cacat fisik pd platter HDD) masih bisa diusahakan. pakai saja program recuva atau pc inspector smart recovery dan FreeUndelete, untuk yg gratisan atau kalau untuk yg Pro (pake bayar) banyak antara lain : O&O unerase, active file recovery, File Recovery Proffesional (disarankan), Recover My File, Window Data Recovery, Pc Inspector File Recovery, Disc Doctor Undelete dll. untuk yg pakai linux karena terlalu besar filenya tidak saya sarankan karena donlotnya luamaaa. (sekitar 400-an MB file iso-nya atau 700-an MB file aslinya)
saat recovery data banyak hal yg harus diperhatikan tapi untuk singkatnya sebaiknya hdd yg akan diselamatkan tsb dijadikan slave aja dan data yg diselamatkan sebaiknya ditulis ke hdd lain (media lainnya).

Get Rid of the Network BlackJack Virus

A blackjack virus is one that interacts with the DCOM port on a computer, which is open port 1025. If the network ports aren't protected by a firewall, a virus or trojan may exploit them and introduce an infection to the system, or use the DCOM port to execute an infection that spreads to other machines. Common network blackjack viruses include the NetSpy spyware application, the MD5 backdoor trojan and the Fraggle.rock virus. A blackjack virus can be removed with an anti-virus application. The network blackjack port should be protected with a firewall after the virus is removed to prevent future infections.  

1. Download an anti-virus application if the computer doesn't already have one. AVG, Malwarebytes, SUPERAntiSpyware and avast! are examples of anti-virus applications that can be used to remove a network blackjack virus. Install the program onto the infected computer.

2. Disable the machine's Internet connection at either the computer or the router by switching off the wireless card, unplugging the Ethernet cable or powering off the router.

3. Launch the anti-virus application you downloaded and installed onto the system. Select your main hard drive (usually the C:/ drive) and click the "Scan" button. Some anti-virus applications allow you to choose between "Full" and "Quick" scan; choose "Full Scan" if it is available. Wait for the scan to finish.

4. Write down the names of any infections the application finds and then delete the infections. Reconnect to the Internet and search for information on the infections the scan found. If any of the infections are known network blackjack viruses, or are known for exploiting the DCOM 1025 port, you have eliminated the virus. If a network blackjack virus is not found, download a different anti-virus application. Disconnect from the Internet again and scan with the new application until the blackjack virus has been identified. Delete the virus and then restart the computer.

5. Reconnect the computer to the Internet by either switching the Wi-Fi card on, plugging in the Ethernet cable or powering on the router.

Make a NTLDR Boot Disk to Get Back Into Windows

The NTLDR file is a part of the boot files needed to load Windows 2000, 2003 and Windows XP. This file must be copied to the boot disk for the Windows computer to boot, or you receive an "NTLDR is missing error." You can quickly create a boot disk by copying over the pertinent Windows boot files to a CD, DVD or even a floppy disk. 1. Insert your blank disk into the appropriate drive. Click the Windows "Start" button and select "Run." Enter "c:\I386" and press "Enter." This opens system files for your computer.

2. Copy the "NTLDR" and "NTdetect.com" file from your i386 folder to your boot disk. These are the two required boot files for your disk.

3. Reboot the computer with the boot disk still in the drive. Your computer automatically detects the boot disk in the computer and uses it to boot Windows. Keep this disk in a safe location until you need it in case of an emergency.

Upgrade the BIOS on an Asus EEE PC 1000

Every so often, Asus release BIOS updates for the Eee PC 1000 10-inch netbook. The purpose of these updates is to fix bugs that are discovered and add features as the software and hardware mature. The process of installing an update is moderately easy, as long as you follow instructions precisely. Updating BIOS via the Internet

1. Click "Start > All Programs > ASUS > ASUSUpdate for Eee PC> ASUSUpdate," to launch the Asus Update software on your PC (if not available, it is available to install on your Eee PC support disc).
2. In the drop-down menu select "Update BIOS from Internet." Click "Next."
3. Click the "Auto-Select" button to have a download location automatically selected (or select your own from the drop-down menu if desired). Click "Next."
4. Select your desired BIOS version from the FTP server (the most recent is recommended). Click "Next."
5. Continue to follow the next few on-screen steps to complete the BIOS update process. You may be required to restart the PC after installation.

Update BIOS from a local file
1. Click "Start > All Programs > Asus > ASUSUpdate for EeePC > AsusUpdate" to access the ASUS Update main window.
2. From the drop down menu, select "Update BIOS from file." Click "Next."
3. When the "Open" window appears, browse your folder to locate the necessary BIOS update file. Click "Open."
4. Continue to follow the remaining on-screen instructions to complete the BIOS update process. A restart may be required.

How to Set up a D-Link Wireless Router

Setting up a wireless router with a Windows client can be complicated. There are a number of measures and options that have to be understood, and it's all too easy to make a mistakes--but D-Link provides an easy-to-walk-through configuration system to help you set up your D-Link wireless router. Set Up a D-Link Wireless Router
1. Plug one end of the Ethernet cable into the DSL modem.
2. Then plug the other end into the "WAN" port on the back of the D-Link wireless router.
3. Connect wired computers to any of the other Ethernet ports on the router using another Ethernet cable.

Access the D-Link Configuration Screen
1. Open your web interface and type "http://192.168.0.1" into the address bar, then hit "Enter" or "Return."
2. Use "Admin" as the username and leave the password blank when the login screen appears.
3. Click "OK." You should now see the D-Link configuration screen.

Set Up General Security
1. Change your administrative password by clicking on the "Tools" tab and choosing the "Admin" button. Enter a new password under the "Administrator" heading. Confirm it, and click "Apply."
2. Disable the wireless Local Area Network (LAN) if you don't need to use the wireless access and you want to make sure no one else is able to access your network.
3. Under the "Home" tab, choose "Wireless" and select the "Off" option.

Enable Wireless Encryption Protocol (WEP)
1. Locate the "Home" tab in the D-Link Configuration screen, and click on the "Wireless" button.
2. Use the "Open System" button beside "Authentication."
3. Select the "Enabled" button next to "WEP," and set the encryption key to "128 bit."
4. Set the "Key Type" to "ASCII" and choose a 13-digit password for the "Key 1" field.
5. Write down the password in a secure location.
6. Click "Apply."

Change the SSID
1. Change the SSID to make it more difficult for others to locate and use your network by clicking on the "Home" tab and locating the "Wireless" button.
2. Change the default SSID to one of your choosing, then click "Apply."
3. Disable SSID broadcasting. Under the "Advanced" tab, click on "Performance" and check off the "Disabled" box. Again, click "Apply."

Filter MAC Addresses
1. Click the "Advanced" tab in the D-Link "Configuration" screen and select the "Filters" button.
2. Choose the "MAC Filters" and click on "Only Allow Computers with MAC Address Listed Below to Connect to the Network."
3. Enter the name and MAC address of the computers allowed to access the network, beginning with the one you are currently configuring. Click "Apply."

How do I Fix Memory for Computers?

Memory problems for computers include incorrect RAM installation, defective or incompatible memory modules,

or memory chips that have become dusty over time,
which leads to a malfunctioning memory chip. A memory problem can result in a misbehaving computer, or a computer that does not boot up at all. It is important to deal with memory problems immediately to keep running programs in the computer.


1.Back up all data in your computer if you notice that the computer has become unstable. Save them onto an external storage device or to another computer. This helps you avoid data loss in case the computer crashes completely once you start troubleshooting the memory problem.

2.Consider installing a new RAM module to your computer if the computer has started to slow down. If you just installed a new RAM to your computer and it cannot be detected, check if the memory module follows the required specifications. The motherboard should support the RAM you currently have installed. Refer to the motherboard manual for the required memory module specifications.

3.Check to see if a newly installed memory module is detected by the computer. Right click on "My Computer," "Properties," and then the "General" tab. Read the computer specifications listed, including the amount of "RAM." If you previously had 512 megabytes of RAM and you installed another 512 megabytes, for instance, it should read 1 gigabyte of RAM, which means that the new RAM has been added to the old RAM.

4.Turn off the computer, unplug the power cable from the power outlet and ensure that you have disconnected all cables from the computer. Open the computer casing (see Resources) and locate the memory banks on your motherboard. The label beside the memory banks should read "DIMM" or "SIMM."

5.Unlock the memory module from the slot and pull it away to remove it. Inspect the module for major scratches, cracks or broken pins. Clean the "gold contacts" using a wet cloth. Allow it to dry thoroughly and then put the memory module back into the slot. If you are installing new RAM, follow the gold contacts of the memory module so that it fits the memory bank perfectly, and then push the module into the slot. Close the computer casing.

How do I Remove the Trojan.Blusod Virus?

Trojan.ETrojan.Blusod is a dangerous program that secretly installs on your computer and displays the pop-up message "Warning! Spyware detected on your computer." The trojan uses this false notification to trick you into purchasing a licensed version of a fake anti-spyware program, which it claims will remove the detected spyware. Trojan.ETrojan.Blusod also downloads additional parasites to your computer. Remove this malicious parasite from your computer.

Instructions

1.Disable System Restore if you are using Windows XP. To do so, click the Windows "Start" menu, right-click "My Computer" and click "Properties." This launches the System Restore dialog box. Click the "System Restore" tab and click the "Turn off System Restore" check box. Click "Apply," then "Yes" and "OK" to save the changes.

2.Launch your anti-virus program if you have one, and update it by clicking "Update" or "Check for updates," depending on the program. Run a full system scan and delete any malicious files your program detects. Consider a free anti-virus program such as AVG, Avira AntiVir or avast! (see Resources).

3.Click the "Start" menu and click "Run," or "Start Search." Type "Regedit" (without quotes) and press "Enter" to launch the Registry Editor.

4.Click the "HKEY_CURRENT_USER" folder in the left pane, click the "Software" folder, click the "Sysinternals" folder and then click the "\Bluescreen Screen Saver" folder. Right-click the "EULAAccepted" = "1" entry and click "Delete." Delete the following registry entry in the same manner:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\"lph[RANDOM CHARACTERS]" = "%System%\lph[RANDOM CHARACTERS].exe"

5.Navigate to each of the following entries individually:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Software Notifier\"InstallationID" = "[RANDOM CLSID]"

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\"ConvertedWallpaper" = "%System%\ph[RANDOM CHARACTERS].bmp"

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\"SCRNSAVE.EXE" = "%System%\blph[RANDOM CHARACTERS].scr"

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\"NoDispBackgroundPage" = "0"

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\"NoDispScrSavPage" = "0"

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SystemRestore\"DisableSR" = "0"

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\sr\"Start" = "0"

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\sr\"ImagePath" = "*system32\DRIVERS\sr.sys*"

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\sr\Parameters\"FirstRun" = "0"

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\sr\"Start" = "0"

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\sr\"ImagePath" = "*system32\DRIVERS\sr.sys*"

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\sr\Parameters\"FirstRun" = "0"

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Colors\"Background" = "0 0 255"

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\"ScreenSaveActive" = "1"

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\"TileWallpaper" = "0"

Double-click each entry and enter the original value (0 or 1) in the "Value Data" box.

6.Close the Registry Editor. Re-enable System Restore if you are using Windows XP, and then restart your computer.